Who & When - show & blame

git show - inspect one commit

$ git show a1b2c3d        # message + full diff of that commit
$ git show HEAD:app.py    # a file's contents AS OF that commit

git blame - who last touched each line

Scenario: A weird line of config is breaking prod. Before you git blame a person, you git blame the file to find which commit (and author, and date) introduced that line - then read that commit's message for the why.

$ git blame config.txt
a1b2c3d (Alice 2024-03-01 14:22) port=8080
9f8e7d6 (Bob   2024-03-05 09:10) timeout=30

Command	Does
`git blame <file>`	Annotate every line with its last commit/author
`git blame -L 10,20 <file>`	Only lines 10-20
`git show <commit>`	View a commit's message + diff

Tip: git blame points you to a commit hash; then git show <hash> reveals the full context and reasoning. Blame is for understanding, not for pointing fingers.