Interfaces & Routing

The `ip` command (iproute2)

ip replaces the deprecated ifconfig/route/netstat tools.

Command	Shows / does
`ip addr` (`ip a`)	Interface addresses
`ip link`	Interface state (up/down)
`ip route` (`ip r`)	Routing table
`ip addr add 192.168.1.5/24 dev eth0`	Add an address
`ip link set eth0 up`	Bring interface up
`ip route add default via 192.168.1.1`	Set default gateway

$ ip -br addr
lo    UNKNOWN 127.0.0.1/8
eth0  UP      192.168.1.10/24

Exam tip: Changes made with ip are not persistent - they vanish on reboot. Persist them via NetworkManager (nmcli) or config files.