Ports & NetworkManager

Inspecting Ports & Connections

CommandShows
ss -tulpnListening TCP/UDP sockets + PIDs
ss -sSocket summary
ping hostReachability
traceroute hostPath to host
curl -I urlHTTP headers
$ ss -tulpn | grep :22
tcp  LISTEN 0  128  0.0.0.0:22  0.0.0.0:*  users:(("sshd",pid=812))

NetworkManager (nmcli) - persistent config

CommandAction
nmcli device statusInterface overview
nmcli connection showList connections
nmcli con add type ethernet ...Create a connection
nmcli con mod <name> ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.5/24Set static IP
nmcli con up <name>Activate
Exam tip: ss (socket statistics) replaces the old netstat. ss -tulpn is the one-liner to memorise for "what's listening?".